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Harlem in Disorder: A Spatial History of How Racial Violence Changed in 1935

Assaults in unknown circumstances (4)

In four instances, there is not sufficient evidence to establish the circumstances of the assault.

Two of those events are recorded only in hospital records. An ambulance twice attended Anthony Cados, a thirty-four-year-old white man for injuries suffered when "assaulted by some unknown colored person or persons." Emma Brockson, a twenty-six-year-old woman of unknown race, received treatment at Knickerbocker Hospital for injuries suffered “when assaulted by some unknown person or persons." Both assaults could have been by an individual, a group or by being hit by an object.

The assault on John Hademan, a twenty-six-year-old Black man, was more widely recorded, in hospital records and in lists in five newspapers. But the only details of the circumstances of the assault are two mentions that it occurred “in a melee” and “rioting” at 126th Street and 7th Avenue, where police clashed with crowds early in the disorder. Hademan could have been assaulted by an individual, a group, been hit by an object, or assaulted by police.

Unlike those cases, the possible assault of Vito Capozzio did result in the arrest of two Black men, Richard Jackson and Salathel Smith, somewhere north of West 130th Street. However, those men are absent from most lists of those arrested in the disorder. Charged only with disorderly conduct, which the clerk annotated with the word "fight," they may have arrested as the result of a fight in a business which Capozzio owned or worked in, not for attacking him.


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