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Harlem in Disorder: A Spatial History of How Racial Violence Changed in 1935

B. Z. Kondoul assaulted

B. Z. Kondoul, a thirty-five year-old white man who lived at 55 West 110th Street, was allegedly assaulted by a crowd of "40-50" Black men and women on 7th Avenue near 122nd Street.

Kondoul fled from the crowd until he saw a police officer guarding a grocery store, part of the James Butler chain, at West 123rd St and Lenox Avenue, according to a report in the New York Evening Journal. The officer, Patrolman William Clements, drew his revolver and fired at the crowd to hold them back. After he fired two shots, the crowd backed away from the two white men, and began to throw objects at them: stones, fruit, garbage can lids. When the crowd closed in again, Clements "emptied his gun." The shots kept the crowd at bay long enough for a police radio car to arrive and "rescue" Clements and Kondoul. The New York Evening Journal reported the event in the sensational language it favored for alleged attacks by Black men and women on white men and women: Clement's "heroism" saved Kondoul from "probable death" at the hands of a "gang" crying "Kill him."

A brief report in the New York American was more to the point. It simply stated that Kondoul was "rescued by a patrolman who fired several shots at his assailants without hitting anyone." Police officers commonly fired shots in the air to attempt to disperse crowds. In this case, however, the reports suggested that Clements fired at the crowd. It was not clear when the event took place. Crowds likely came down Lenox Avenue from 125th Street sometime after 10:30 PM, when the first reported disorder in the area occurred at the intersection. Police did not arrive until sometime later. There were no police at the West 123rd Street and Lenox Avenue when Mrs Salefas' delicatessan had windows broken and merchandise taken. Those attacks likely began sometime around 11:00 PM. The alleged assault on Kondoul would have been sometime after that, once the presence of police led crowds to disperse, so likely around midnight. Clement's use of his firearm did offer evidence that police shooting at residents might have been responsible for the unattributed injuries from gunfire during the disorder.

Neither story mentioned any injury suffered by Kondoul, but he did appear in lists of the injured in the New York Evening Journal and New York Daily News, which described him as having bruises to the face for which he was treated at Harlem Hospital. The Home News reported that Kondoul was "among the white persons injured by rocks, flying glass or in personal encounters," with "lacerations and bruises." (He did not appear in the list of the injured in the New York American).

The spelling of Kondoul's name was different in all the reports: Kondoul and Kendul in the New York Evening Journal and Daily News, Kendel in the Home News, and Aambel in the New York American.

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