Harlem in Disorder: A Spatial History of How Racial Violence Changed in 1935Main MenuREAD ME: Help Navigating This BookIntroductionOn the StreetsIn the CourtsUnder InvestigationThe Mayor's Commission on Conditions in HarlemOver TimeEventsSourcesStephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfStanford University Press
Department of Finance, Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos: 7th Avenue
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0004_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T02:56:45+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2107 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.3The distinctive display of the Herbert's Blue Diamond Jewelry store can be seen on the right of the photograph. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0004.jpgplain2024-06-10T19:02:25+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_000420180308112048+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01928_0029_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T22:19:48+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfLafayette Market, 2044 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.3Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01928_0029.jpgplain2024-05-30T17:27:44+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01909_0063a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T16:18:37+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfRegal Shoe Store, 166 West 125th Street, c. 1939-1941.3Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01909_0063a.jpgplain2024-05-29T16:19:14+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01909_006320180309075338+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0001_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:54:28+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfMax Greenwald's tailor's store, 2111 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Greenwald's store is on the far left, on the bottom floor of the building next to the furniture store. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0001.jpgplain2024-06-02T01:54:48+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_000120180308112053+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0030_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:38:51+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfJ. P. Bulluroff's Grocery Store (Harlem Market), 2140 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Bulluroff's store is on the left of the photograph. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0030.jpgplain2024-06-02T01:39:17+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_003020180308085300+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_02024_0029_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:32:04+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2360 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.22360 7th Avenue is the building on the corner. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_02024_0029.jpgplain2024-06-02T01:32:26+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_02024_0029Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01921_0060_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:27:44+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2339 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01921_0060.jpgplain2024-06-02T01:28:01+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01921_006020180307102901+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01939_0034_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:05:28+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2274 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01939_0034.jpgplain2024-06-02T01:05:56+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01939_003420180308064415+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_0032_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T00:37:11+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2164 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_0032.jpgplain2024-06-02T00:37:33+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_003220180305094802+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01929_0029_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T00:06:59+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2062 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01929_0029.jpgplain2024-06-02T00:07:32+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01929_002920180308105101+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01927_0029_thumb.jpg2024-06-01T03:02:31+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2022 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01927_0029.jpgplain2024-06-01T03:02:59+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01927_002920180308121455+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01825_0063_thumb.jpg2024-06-01T02:37:25+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf1919 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01825_0063.jpgplain2024-06-01T02:37:48+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01825_006320180316125814+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01931_0027a_thumb.jpg2024-05-31T20:32:13+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2100-2106 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01931_0027a.jpgplain2024-05-31T20:35:04+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01931_002720180313124923+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01936_0035_thumb.jpg2024-06-02T01:59:40+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfGeneral Meat & Grocery Market, 2214 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01936_0035.jpgplain2024-06-02T02:00:00+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01936_003520180307134001+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a_thumb.jpg2024-05-31T01:12:35+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfNicholas Peet's tailor's store, 2063 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2The building is 2061-2065 7th Avenue; Peet's store is the second from the corner, behind the rear of the parked car. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a.jpgplain2024-05-31T01:13:10+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a20180308104719+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0034_thumb.jpg2024-05-30T21:15:18+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2150 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Formerly Greenfield Auto Equipment, a Billiard Hall by 1939. The pillar on the left was one side of the entrance into the apartments above the stores, from which Warren Wright witnessed the shooting of Hobbs. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0034.jpgplain2024-05-30T21:15:41+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_003420180308085235+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01831_0033_thumb.jpg2024-05-30T19:52:28+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfGarmise Cigar Store, 1916 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1940.2The building, the Regent Theater, is 1906-1916 7th Avenue, so the cigar store is on the corner. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01831_0033.jpgplain2024-05-30T19:52:49+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01831_003320180322133037+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0004_thumb.jpg2024-05-30T19:42:52+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2067-2069 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.22067 7th Avenue is the storefront on the right of the five-story building, directly behind the parked car. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0004.jpgplain2024-05-30T19:43:10+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_000420180308104716+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01904_0002a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T20:56:42+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf1985 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01904_0002a.jpgplain2024-05-29T20:57:09+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01904_000220180309075631+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_0029_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T15:26:17+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfBattle's Pharmacy, 2156 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Four Black men standing on this corner witnessed Patrolman McInerney shoot and kill Lloyd Hobbs as he crossed 128th Street coming toward them. Multiple men watched the disorder from this corner throughout the night. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_0029.jpgplain2024-05-29T15:26:34+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01934_002920180305094752+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0035a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T02:24:23+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfPercy's tailor and cleaner's store, 2152 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0035a.jpgplain2024-05-29T02:24:42+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_003520180327060354+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_0061_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T02:42:51+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfWilliams Drug store, 2161 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_0061.jpgplain2024-05-29T02:43:13+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_006120180327061429+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0001a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T02:50:42+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfHerbert's Blue Diamond Jewelery store, 2105 7th Avenue / 163 West 125th Street, c. 1939-19412Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_0001a.jpgplain2024-05-29T02:51:01+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01910_000120180309075317+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0029_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T03:39:06+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfAlfonso Principe's saloon [The Harlem Grill], 2140 7th Avenue, c.1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives)media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0029.jpgplain2024-05-29T03:39:38+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_002920180308085306+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01932_0036_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T04:08:41+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2136 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2The photograph is 2138 7th Avenue; 2136 7th Avenue is to the left of the store on the corner. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01932_0036.jpgplain2024-05-29T04:09:00+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01932_003620180308092810+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_0001_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T04:26:45+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2143-2151 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2No. 2143 is on the corner, so the Unclaimed laundry store at 2145 7th Avenue was to the right of the first parked car, and Sam Lefkowitz's store at 2147 7th Avenue was behind the first parked car. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_0001.jpgplain2024-05-29T04:28:07+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01912_000120180308112523+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01930_0030_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T15:20:55+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfHotel Theresa Building, 2082-2096 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01930_0030.jpgplain2024-05-29T15:21:16+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01930_003020180308120926+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01924_0036a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T21:51:56+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfButler's Food Market, 1974 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01924_0036a.jpgplain2024-05-29T21:52:18+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01924_003620180313124254+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0036_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T15:37:17+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfMorris Sankin's tailor's store, 200 West 128th Street, viewed from 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2Sankin's store is visible behind 2154 7th Avenue, adjacent to the parked car. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0036.jpgplain2024-05-29T15:37:41+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_003620180308085221+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0037a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T15:42:56+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfMorris Sankin's tailor's store, 200 West 128th Street, c. 1939-1941.2Sankin's store is partly visible on the left side of the photograph, which is focused on 202 West 128th Street. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0037a.jpgplain2024-05-29T15:43:14+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_003720180313124938+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T16:34:20+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2061 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.22061 7th Avenue is the store on the corner. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a.jpgplain2024-05-29T16:34:47+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01908_0001a20180308104719+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01911_0001_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T16:49:58+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2121-2133 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2No. 2121 is on the corner, so Cohen's store would be about four stores up the street and Mohr's store two stores further up, near the end of the row. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01911_0001.jpgplain2024-05-29T16:50:31+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01911_000120180309075150+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01941_0034_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T17:02:38+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2310 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2A tailor is visible to the left of the door to which the sign points. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01941_0034.jpgplain2024-05-29T17:03:34+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01941_003420180305071203+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01902_0061a_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T18:09:09+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bfMario Pravia's candy store, 1953 Seventh Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2The candy store is the middle of the three stores. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01902_0061a.jpgplain2024-05-29T18:09:36+00:00nynyma_rec0040_1_01902_006120180309075814+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf
1media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0036_thumb.jpg2024-05-29T02:15:41+00:00Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf2154 7th Avenue, c. 1939-1941.2The store on the corner was the Cozy Tea Shoppe. The store to its left was Lazar's cigar store. Lloyd Hobbs ran across 128th Street to the right of the Cozy Tea Shoppe before being shot by a police officer. Source: DOF: Manhattan 1940s Tax Photos (New York City Municipal Archives).media/nynyma_rec0040_1_01933_0036.jpgplain2024-05-29T02:16:03+00:0020180308085221+0000Stephen Robertsona1bf8804093bc01e94a0485d9f3510bb8508e3bf